Papers with large-scale pre-training
Conversations Are Not Flat: Modeling the Dynamic Information Flow across Dialogue Utterances (2021.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Recent intelligent open-domain chatbots have made substantial progress thanks to the rapid development of large-scale pre-training approaches. |
| Approach: | They propose a dynamic flow mechanism to model the context flow and a model to capture the information dynamics across dialogue utterances. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms the DialoGPT on the dialogue generation task. |
Practical Guidelines for Model Merging in LLMs Pre-Training (2026.acl-industry)
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| Challenge: | Existing studies on model merging have focused on stable learning rate regimes, but its effectiveness during LLM pre-training remains underexplored. |
| Approach: | They systematically investigate model merging across training phases, focusing on the transition from stable to decaying learning rates. |
| Outcome: | The proposed methods improve performance during stable learning rate regimes but diminish under decay, a phe-nomenon that is linked to reduced checkpoint diversity and lower parameter-space variability. |
Wav2SQL: Direct Generalizable Speech-To-SQL Parsing (2024.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Existing models for speech-driven SQL parsing are based on a cascaded approach, resulting in data scarcity and inconsistent performance. |
| Approach: | They propose a direct generalizable speech-to-SQL parsing model which avoids error compounding across cascaded systems. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model avoids error compounding and achieves state-of-the-art results by 4.7% improvement over baseline. |
Entity Disambiguation via Fusion Entity Decoding (2024.naacl-long)
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Junxiong Wang, Ali Mousavi, Omar Attia, Ronak Pradeep, Saloni Potdar, Alexander Rush, Umar Farooq Minhas, Yunyao Li
| Challenge: | Existing generative approaches demonstrate improved accuracy compared to classification approaches under the standardized ZELDA benchmark. |
| Approach: | They propose an encoder-decoder model to disambiguate entities with more detailed entity descriptions. |
| Outcome: | The proposed model outperforms existing classification models on the ZELDA benchmark and on retrieval/reader frameworks. |
TripleFact: Defending Data Contamination in the Evaluation of LLM-driven Fake News Detection (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | Existing evaluation paradigms for fake news detection are based on static datasets and closed-world assumptions that are inadvertently memorized during pre-training. |
| Approach: | They propose a framework to mitigate BDC risk while prioritizing real-world applicability by integrating three components to assess robustness against human-crafted misinformation. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework mitigates BDC risk while prioritizing real-world applicability. |
Hyperlink-induced Pre-training for Passage Retrieval in Open-domain Question Answering (2022.acl-long)
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Jiawei Zhou, Xiaoguang Li, Lifeng Shang, Lan Luo, Ke Zhan, Enrui Hu, Xinyu Zhang, Hao Jiang, Zhao Cao, Fan Yu, Xin Jiang, Qun Liu, Lei Chen
| Challenge: | Existing methods to train dense passage retrieval have a large data gap between upstream and downstream relevance. |
| Approach: | They propose a method to pre-train the dense retriever with the text relevance induced by hyperlinks within Web documents. |
| Outcome: | The proposed method outperforms existing methods under different scenarios and in the open-domain question answering domain. |
Improved Sparse Upcycling for Instruction Tuning (2025.coling-main)
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| Challenge: | Existing methods for sparse upcycling lead to performance degradation in instruction tuning scenarios. |
| Approach: | They propose a representation-based approach to convert dense language models into sparsely activated ones by initializing router weights from language models. |
| Outcome: | The proposed architecture improves model capabilities and routing consistency across multiple benchmarks. |
MAGPIE: Multi-Task Analysis of Media-Bias Generalization with Pre-Trained Identification of Expressions (2024.lrec-main)
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Tomáš Horych, Martin Paul Wessel, Jan Philip Wahle, Terry Ruas, Jerome Waßmuth, André Greiner-Petter, Akiko Aizawa, Bela Gipp, Timo Spinde
| Challenge: | Existing approaches to media bias detection lack generalizability, resulting in limited generalizarability. |
| Approach: | They propose a large-scale multi-task pre-training approach specifically tailored for media bias detection that can be used to train 59 bias-related tasks. |
| Outcome: | The proposed approach outperforms existing methods on the BABE dataset with a relative improvement of 3.3% F1-score. |
AdaptAgent: Adapting Multimodal Web Agents with Few-Shot Learning from Human Demonstrations (2025.acl-long)
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| Challenge: | State-of-the-art multimodal web agents can perform many web tasks by processing user instructions and interacting with graphical user interfaces (GUIs). |
| Approach: | They propose to build multimodal web agents for few-shot adaptability using human demonstrations to improve their generalization and adaptability. |
| Outcome: | The proposed framework enables both proprietary and open-weights multimodal web agents to adapt to new websites and domains using few human demonstrations. |
How to Set the Learning Rate for Large-Scale Pre-training? (2026.findings-acl)
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| Challenge: | Optimal configuration of the learning rate (LR) is a fundamental yet formidable challenge in large-scale pre-training. |
| Approach: | They propose a Fitting Paradigm and a Transfer Paradigme to investigate fit and transfer . they propose scalability and elucidate the reasons why module-wise parameter tuning underperforms . |
| Outcome: | The proposed model reduces the search complexity by reducing the search cost by lowering the search factor. |